QUESTION: ‘Civil society’ movements attempt to influence government policy from outside the doors of Parliaments. To what extent do social movements require organisation and a defined leadership, and to what extent can they emerge spontaneously? What do the Black Lives Matter protests in Australia and around the world tell us about social movements – such as about their emergence out Australia and around the world tell us about social movements – such as about their emergence out of seemingly small events, their ability to spread rapidly, and their apparent leaderlessness? Refer to the readings for information. Refer to Marking criteria.