You will choose one of the three proposed topics to develop your essay (2000 words + 10%):  1. Clinical psychology is an interesting field, but psychotherapies are ultimately ineffective. Treatment for mental health-related conditions should only rely on medication. Discuss this proposition, taking into consideration the evidence from clinical trials for three different mental health conditions. 2. People may undergo similar adversities in life but respond differently to them. What contributes to the development or not of a mental health condition? Discuss the risk and protective factors that might influence the different susceptibility and resistance to three different mental health conditions. 3. Mental health-related stigma and the history of psychopathology are closely related. Discuss this assertion taking into consideration: 1) how mental illness has been conceived and treated across history and 2) how, based on current evidence, contemporary approaches, and theories, you would propose and evaluate an antistigma campaign.