I need 3 to 4 sentences with responses to these discussions.I will write the question and I will write the discussion posts of other students.question: What are some examples of effective prevention programs adopted as model programs by SAMHSA?  Which ones do you think are the most effective?  Why?discussion 1 Substance abuse and addiction have been plaguing human beings for centuries, and the last 100 years has brought countless programs intended for theprevention and treatment of various substance abuse. Some treatment programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous, with its roots going back to the 1930s, can provide a solid foundation after substance abuse has already taken hold in an individual’s life. Albeit the program assists in the prevention of future abuse, the help comes after-the-fact, as abuse has already negatively impacted an individual’s life. Thankfully, there are numerous programs that emphasize on prevention before substance abuse has planted its deadly rootsAn organization founded in July of 1992 that has initiated and approved its own programs, and those originated outside, is the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Their mission is, “to reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness on America’s communities. SAMHSA’s work is guided by scientific research and evidence-based practices developed by this research (SAMHSA -At a Glance, n.d.).” One of their large roles is being involved in public education and awareness, and they support many programs that aid in the early prevention of substance abuse. Some worthwhile programs they promote are Talk--They Hear You, STOP Underage Drinking, STOP Act Grants, Early Riser, Across Ages, and a plethora of other programs. Though all programs have their own worthwhile effectiveness, emphasis will be placed on two that were not discussed in a previous posting: Talk—They Hear You and STOP Act GrantsTalk—They Hear You “aims to reduce underage drinking and substance use among youths under the age of 21 by providing parents and caregivers with information and resources they need to address alcohol and other drug use with their children early (Samantha, 2014).” Some solid resources for parents provided include 5 goals in positive conversation, assistance in how to answer a child’s tough questions, and numerous brochures that assist in conversations about alcohol, marijuana, vaping, opioids, etSAMHSA provides grants influenced by the Sober Truth on Preventing Underage Drinking Act (STOP Act). As stated on their website, the program’s goal is to “prevent and reduce alcohol use among youth and young adults ages 12-20 in communities throughout the United States (Sober Truth on Preventing Underage Drinking Act Grants, n.d.).” There are many activities implemented that aim to address youth alcohol use and how the communities perceive them. Ideas are looked at that regard any changes in underage drinking enforcement efforts and address penalties for underage use. Applicants are encouraged to input their own ideas on improving  strategic plansFor any issue that may arise, there is a program that could help, whether as a prevention tool, or as a treatment plan that lowers chanexistingces of further substance abuse. Knowledge is key in improving the health and mental awareness of our youth, thereby building a better futurediscussion 2SAMHSA provides several programs that are effective such as the Talk They Hear You campaign, Interagency Coordinating Community on the Prevention of Underage Drinking, STOP Underage Drinking,  National Prevention Week, Communities Talk: Town Hall Meetings to Prevent Underage Drinking(2020, April 23).  I think the ones that are most effective are the ones that tell the truth and are honest. I mean for me I never thought doing drugs was cool nor was drinking every day but that is because I grew up in a social drinker, non-user household. It was not until I transitioned to high school that my aunt told me I better not inject or snort anything because if I do she is going to use the sandal on me. I feel like the more people try to hide drug use or alcohol from their children the more forbidden it becomes and the more they want to partake in it. It is a hard discussion to have for sure but I think it needs to be done. Affective education is the use of emotions, attitudes, and cognitive domains (Ksir, Hart 2017). The authors of the book believe that young adults will partake in drugs to help them know their feelings or to express them which is why it is important to achieve altered states without drugs. This is why I feel that young adults do drugs because that emotion of oh it is forbidden it gives the user a sense of feeling or power. Other ways to achieve these altered states can be going on roller coasters, or camping, or partaking in extreme adrenaline sports.discussion question:Write down a definition of problem-solving as a cognitive process, and discuss one obstacle to problem-solving, such as the two mentioned in the handout and the book (functional fixedness and mental sets). Give an example of such an obstacle, describe why it is an obstacle and briefly mention its usual benefit as a problem-solving strategy. Then, mention one potential solution to acknowledge and to work around the obstacle when solving a problem.