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The paper must be based upon YOUR CHOICE of one of the following
1. Compare and contrast the concepts of determinism, compatibilism, and libertarianism, as outlined in Chapter 4. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each of these positions? Which one do you believe is the most likely to be correct? Why?
OR
2. Compare and contrast the ethical theories of Aristotle and Immanuel Kant as outlined in Chapter 9. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each of these positions? Which one do you believe is the most likely to be correct? Why?
Choose two perceptions of the "self" from Chapter 3 and compare them. Which one seems most plausible to you and why?
OR
3. Compare the Buddhist Simile of the Chariot and Plato's Chariot Analogy. How are they same and how are they different?
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Philosophy Discussion: Comparisons Between the Ethical Theories of Aristotle and Kant
Introduction
In the book, The Philosopher’s Way: A Text with Readings: Thinking Critically about Profound Ideas, John Chaffee speaks about the converge of ethical codes and examination of morality in other social relations. Since moral principles are an essential area of interest to scholars, the concern in understanding remains intact in philosophical discussions. As a result, in different phases of life, philosophers including Immanuel Kant and Aristotle discuss moral issues in details but maintain different viewpoints.
Comparisons Between the Ethical Theories of Aristotle and Kant
Both Aristotle and Immanuel concentrate on the cause of action. They trust that a person who makes an ethical decision is a significant factor in a given activity. For that reason, these circumstances create uncertainty because the progress and outcome rely on the choice made by the person who commits the acting. However, these concepts are dissimilar because Aristotelian theories are agent-oriented while the Kantian theories are action-oriented (Chaffee). Aristotle describes the importance of a person being a well-mannered individual with impeccable virtues and character, while Kant emphasizes the definition of good or virtuous activities. As a result, Aristotle trusts that a person with good intentions performs the right actions. On the other hand, the Kantian Ethics postulates that a noble individual performs a suitable act. All of these underline the similarities and difference between the thoughts of the two theorists.
While presenting philosophical views, Aristotle and Kant share the same thought of the limitations of universal human reason. Linn explains that they believe that it could not elaborate on moral virtues and the passage of human beings. Both philosophers recognize the existence of God, where the individual’s behavior influences the belief in a Supreme Being and ignores the role of spiritual exposure. Despite having a religious background, Kant disentangles moral codes from conviction; in contrast, Aristotle shows no extreme understanding of supernatural beings (Shields). From his rational arguments, Kant questions the conclusions of Aristotle and explains that gratification signifies the onset of ethical theory and the basis of existence. On the other hand, Aristotle downplays Kant’s logical deductions and concludes that the noble...
