Kahneman discusses cases where his automatic System 1 sets up solutions to problems that System 2 can then refine. Discuss an example from your own experience. Kandel discusses the contributions of Santiago Ramon y Cajal. Why were they so influential? Menand states that the Civil War “marks the birth of modern America.” What evidence do you see for this?  Safina presents examples illustrating the complexities of animal social interactions and cognition. Discuss an example that illustrates the complexity of the social systems and interactions of social animals.