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Industrial Revolution

Introduction

Industrialization refers to the period during which textile manufacturing, transportation, and agricultural activities were mechanized alongside a change of power which encompassed economic and cultural conditions, railroads and ships development (James-Chakraborty, 257). The industrial revolution began in Britain at the end of late 18^th century providing a roadmap through which nations in the North American and Western Europe were industrialized. Industrialization brought with it a lot of social development manifested by the creation of a free labor market through abolishing customary obligations and labor feudal. The industrial revolution was facilitated by factors such as the revolution in agriculture in Britain, technological innovations and availability of coal and iron, while improved working conditions, improved standards of living and urbanization were some impacts of the industrial revolution which highly relates with sociology.

What led to the industrial revolution?

First, technological innovations are of the factors that led to the industrial revolution. Britain was famous for cotton, and woolen textile was woven manually, but the cotton type of cloths had more merit over the woolen ones. Cotton was relatively stronger, cheaper, and easier to color than woolen fabrics. However, the cold climate of Britain and the shortage of labor force hindered cotton growth and there Britain imported cotton from India. Frame jenny was invented in 1769 and influenced the implementation of the first weaving plant the enabled conversion of raw material to finished cloth — this then paved the way for the factory system, which was the stepping stone for the revolution of industries (Maw, 758).

Second, the availability of iron and core in Britain had a contributive effect toward industrial revolution. Before the industrial revolution core was the primary source of fuel and much of it was required to melt iron ore and in transportation among other uses. When an engine powered by coal was invented raised demand for coal and this made it necessary to improve coal mining techniques. The mining of coal in Britain made it the world largest producer of coal and had the biggest coal industry. Availability of stronger and cheaper coal it Britain made it able to start and run major industries like steam engines, shipbuilding construction, railroads and tools (Maw, 789).

Third, the sound transport system in Britain is another factor wish facilitated the industrial revolution. In the late 17th century and early 18^th century, Britain economy was low and could not finance for the development of the transport system. In the late 18^th century the Britain economy rose to build up pressure for roads and a group of people known as Turnpike mandated to maintain highways and receive toll as the pay for their services. In the early 19^th century the Britain government took control of transport system and built many railways and canals accompanied with powering the transport industry with coal which made the progress of industrial revolution possible (Maw, 841).

Effects of the industrial revolution

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