ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS AND LET ME KNOW IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS  Checklist before you turn in your exam: 1. Make sure you have answered all the questions. 2. Use a .doc, .docx or .pdf file format.  Note: This exam is NOT open notes, open book or open internet. You may not use the internet or any electronics for any reason (unless you have pre-approved it with me ahead of time or you have an accessibility accommodation)(except for writing and turning in the exam).  Plagiarism (having someone help you take the exam, talking about the exam to other people after you’ve seen it and before you’ve turned it in, coping the work of others, published or not, without proper citation, etc.) results in failure of the class. Use of outside sources (the textbook/class readings) will result in 50% off the overall exam score. The grades are based on whether you demonstrate learning from our livestream classes, so looking things up on the internet won't help anyway. Don't do it. Ethics & Values Final Exam Instructions: Answer all 10 of the short answer questions. Everyone must answer the first two essay questions. You may select from the “student choice” essay options, but you must pick one of them. Each student should answer a total of three essay questions, do NOT answer all four. Short Answer (each question is worth 4 points) 1. What does it mean to say that an argument is sound? 2. What does it mean to say that an argument is valid? 3. What is ethical relativism? List at least one philosopher from the semester that is relative. 4. What is normative ethics? List at least one philosopher from the semester that is normative. 5. What is the highest end according to Plato? 6. What is the highest end according to Aristotle? 7. How does Aristotle think the virtues come to be? 9. State Kant’s actual Categorical Imperative. 10. What is the greatest happiness principle? (Mill) 11. How does Hobbes think Morality came to be?   Essay Questions (3 questions each question is worth 20 points): Answer each question thoroughly.  I am looking for 1-2 paragraphs (5-6 sentences per paragraph) max. Everyone Answer these two: 1. How do you feel that the Allegory of the Cave relates to the study of ethics? Thinking about the different philosophers we have discussed in class, and your personal views, how would you relate the allegory to your personal study of ethics this semester? Has your view changed from the beginning of class? Whether your opinions have changed or not, discuss how studying ethics has changed the way you look at your own value system. Use examples from in class readings. 2. Discuss the 4 domains of ethical assessment? How do they allow us to interact with different moral systems? List at least one philosopher we studied during the semester for each of the domains. Students Choice: Choose one additional Essay questions to respond too: 1. Discuss the difference between the categorical imperative and the hypothetical imperative? Why does Kant feel it is important to have a categorical imperative in a moral system? 2. What is the virtuous mean? How does it compare to vice? How is it different than a mathematical mean? Do not simply give examples of the mean but be sure to define the virtuous mean and the relevant elements of Aristotle’s theory in your answer.